Introduction
Early stent-graft designs were ill-prepared to face the hemodynamic forces generated by aortic blood flow and pressure. Long-term results were marred by high rates of migration,¹ component separation,² and structural failure.³ Current designs have proven to be more stable.² Though more rigorous pre-clinical testing has helped to assess the likelihood of each known failure mode before devices are implanted in patients, there is still no consensus as to the test conditions, because the hemodynamic environment of the endovascular s

Introduction
Vascular injury following trauma is seen almost daily in our profession, The bleeding must be stopped as early as possible and this task is usually managed by surgeons. However, there are conditions where the surgical approach involves high risk and is less practical than a swiftly performed endovascular procedure. This may depend on the site, as well as the vessel affected in the process of injury, resulting in leakage that causes blood loss with or without the formation of a pseudoaneurysm.

Angiographic diagnosis followed by transcatheter sealing of the site of leak

Introduction
The accepted standard of care for patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) is anticoagulant therapy. Inferior vena caval (IVC) filters are reserved for those patients who fail anticoagulant therapy, or have a complication or contraindication to anticoagulant therapy.¹ Until the early 1970’s, the only method of IVC interruption was surgical, either by clipping, ligation or plication. The first clinical experience of an endoluminally-placed device to interrupt IVC flow was reported by Mobin-Uddin et al. in 1969.² However, it was not until the intro

Introduction
The emergence of vascular surgery as a multidisciplinary specialty in its own regard has allowed significant advances in the diagnosis, medical management and operative techniques applied to patients with peripheral occlusive and aneurysmal vascular disease. However, its increasing effectiveness in the treatment of circulatory disorders continues to be tempered by the fact that functional status and longevity after successful intervention are often determined by coronary co-morbidity.¹ Indeed, the inherent cardiac stress induced by surgery may provoke ischemic