Introduction
Pseudo-aneurysm formation after vascular reconstruction is a rarely encountered problem in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). It has most commonly been described in the vascular surgical literature as a delayed complication of lower extremity bypass surgery, and the usual mode of repair has been surgical. Recent advances in minimally invasive therapy for this clinical entity have centered on ultrasound-guided compression and thrombin injection to obliterate the cavity and restore vascular integrity. With the advent of stent-supported angioplasty, endovascu

Background
Nearly 200,000 cases of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occur each year.¹ Dislodgement of a DVT with embolization to the pulmonary circulation results in a pulmonary embolism. One registry of 2454 patients diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism showed a three-month mortality rate of 17.5%.² Perioperative prophylactic low-molecular weight heparin, fondaparinux, vitamin K antagonists, or sequential pneumatic compression stockings have been recommended to reduce risk of DVTs. For two decades, permanent inferior vena cava filters (IVCF) have served as an alternat

No operation has been associated with quite so much controversy as carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Introduced in 1953, it rapidly became the most commonly performed arterial procedure in the western world, largely because the underlying rationale was simple and attractive. By the 1980s, however, concerns about the overall “appropriateness” of endarterectomy became the catalyst for the landmark symptomatic and asymptomatic randomized trials.^1–4 The European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST), the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET), the Asymptomatic Carotid

Occlusive disease affecting the below-the-knee (BTK) arteries is a common and often serious manifestation of atherosclerosis. It tends to carry a number of significant implications (Table 1), but causing claudication (in the absence of more proximal disease) is not one of them! So here’s the first important message: claudication is not an appropriate indication for treatment of BTK disease alone. Critical limb ischemia (CLI, Table 2) is the only acceptable indication for intervention in this setting.

Surgical bypass grafting has long been considered the “gold standard” (or “standard